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Medii ScriptPages 1–3 · Read

Dental Caries

Classification:

◦ICD-10: K02
◦DiseasesDB: 29357
◦MedlinePlus: 001055

Definition:A bacterial infectious disease of the hard tissues of the tooth.

Symptoms:Demineralisation of inorganic substances, followed by proteolysis of organic substances.

Cause of symptoms:Action of acids produced by bacteria in dental plaque.

Source of acids:Metabolism of sugars (of exogenous and endogenous origin).

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3 of 10

3. The key mechanism of enamel demineralisation in dental caries is acidification of the dental plaque environment by bacteria. Demineralisation occurs when:

ABacteria metabolise starch to acetic acid, lowering pH below 6.0.

BBacteria (mainly S. mutans) produce lactic acid, lowering pH below 5.5.✓ Correct

CGlycolysis produces mutan, which directly dissolves hydroxyapatite at pH 6.5.

DProteolysis of organic substances occurs, secondarily lowering pH to 4.5.

According to the text, cariogenic bacteria (most importantly Streptococcus mutans) produce acids, mainly lactic acid, through sugar metabolism. The acidic environment, in which pH drops below 5.5, promotes enamel demineralisation.

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What are the main types of dental caries?

Dental caries can be classified into: 1. Pit and Fissure Caries - occlusal surfaces 2. Smooth Surface Caries - proximal surfaces 3. Root Caries - exposed root surfaces

Source: Sturdevant's Operative Dentistry, Ch. 3

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